Usefulness of ultrasonography in diagnosis of intestinal obstruction by a water bead

Water beads are dangerous foreign bodies causing intestinal obstruction in young children because the beads absorb water and are radiolucent. Although the features lead to progressive intestinal obstruction, it is difficult to diagnose ingestion of the beads by imaging studies. For the diagnosis, ultrasonography is safe, fast, and accurate. The imaging modality can show intestinal water beads as spherical, anechoic, smoothly demarcated cysts. This characteristic finding may be more useful in rapid and accurate diagnosis than computed tomography scan. We report a case of an 8-month-old boy who obtained a timely sonographic diagnosis of water bead-induced small bowel obstruction in the emergency department.

Effect of growth hormone on neuronal death in hippocampal slice cultures of neonatal rats exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation / 소아과

PURPOSE: To investigate whether growth hormone (GH) has a protective effect on neurons in hippocampal slice cultures of neonatal rats exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). METHODS: Cultured hippocampal slices of 7-day-old rats were exposed to OGD for 60 min. Then, the slices were immediately treated with three doses of GH (5, 50, or 500 micrometer) in media. The relative fluorescent densities of propidium iodide (PI) uptake in the slices and relative lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in the media were determined and compared between each GH-treated group of slices and untreated slices (control) at 12 and 24 h after OGD. Immunofluorescent staining for caspase-3 and TUNEL staining were performed to observe the effect of GH on apoptotic neuronal death. RESULTS: The relative fluorescent densities of PI uptake in CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampal slices in each GH-treated group were not significantly different from those in the untreated slices at 12 and 24 h after OGD (P>0.05). Treatment with GH could reduce the relative LDH activities in the media of the GH-treated groups only at 12 h after OGD (P<0.05). Expression of caspase-3 and TUNEL positivity in CA1 and DG of the slices treated with 50-iM GH were not different from those of the untreated slices at 12 and 24 h after OGD. CONCLUSION: Treatment of hippocampal slice cultures with GH after OGD does not show a definitive protective effect on neuronal death but can reduce the LDH efflux of the slices in media at 12 h after OGD.

Effect of growth hormone on neuronal death in hippocampal slice cultures of neonatal rats exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation / 소아과

PURPOSE: To investigate whether growth hormone (GH) has a protective effect on neurons in hippocampal slice cultures of neonatal rats exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). METHODS: Cultured hippocampal slices of 7-day-old rats were exposed to OGD for 60 min. Then, the slices were immediately treated with three doses of GH (5, 50, or 500 micrometer) in media. The relative fluorescent densities of propidium iodide (PI) uptake in the slices and relative lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in the media were determined and compared between each GH-treated group of slices and untreated slices (control) at 12 and 24 h after OGD. Immunofluorescent staining for caspase-3 and TUNEL staining were performed to observe the effect of GH on apoptotic neuronal death. RESULTS: The relative fluorescent densities of PI uptake in CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampal slices in each GH-treated group were not significantly different from those in the untreated slices at 12 and 24 h after OGD (P>0.05). Treatment with GH could reduce the relative LDH activities in the media of the GH-treated groups only at 12 h after OGD (P<0.05). Expression of caspase-3 and TUNEL positivity in CA1 and DG of the slices treated with 50-iM GH were not different from those of the untreated slices at 12 and 24 h after OGD. CONCLUSION: Treatment of hippocampal slice cultures with GH after OGD does not show a definitive protective effect on neuronal death but can reduce the LDH efflux of the slices in media at 12 h after OGD.

Injury of correction Neurons by oxygen-glucose deprivation in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures / 소아과

PURPOSE: We intended to observe cell death and apoptotic changes in neurons in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures following oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), using propidium iodide (PI) uptake, Fluoro-Jade (FJ) staining, TUNEL staining and immunofluorescent staining for caspase-3. METHODS: The hippocampus of 7-day-old rats was cut into 350 micrometer slices. The slices were cultured for 10 d (date in vitro, DIV 10) and and exposed to OGD for 60 min at DIV 10. They were then incubated for reperfusion under normoxic conditions for an additional 48 h. Fluorescence of PI uptake was observed at predetermined intervals, and the cell death percentage was recorded. At 24 h following OGD, the slices were Cryo-cut into 15 micrometer thicknesses, and Fluoro-Jade staining, TUNEL staining, and immunofluorescence staining for caspase-3 were performed. RESULTS: 1) PI uptake was restricted to the pyramidal cell layer and DG in the slices after OGD. The fluorescent intensities of PI increased from 6 to 48 h during the reperfusion stage. The cell death percentage significantly increased time-dependently in CA1 and DG following OGD (P< 0.05). 2) At 24 h after OGD, many FJ positive cells were detected in CA1 and DG. Some neurons had distinct nuclei and processes while others had fragmented nuclei and disrupted processes in CA1. TUNEL and immunofluorescent staining for caspase-3 showed increased expression of TUNEL labeling and caspase-3 in CA1 and DG at 24 h after OGD. CONCLUSION: The numerous dead cells in the slice cultures after OGD tended to display apoptotic changes mediated by the activation of caspase-3.

ERRATUM: Neurons by oxygen-glucose deprivation in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures / 소아과

No abstract available.

A Statistical Analysis of the Ocular Status of Matriculants

Ophthalmologic examinations were performed and analyses were done in regard to the visual acquity, refractive states, color deficiency, and ocular diseases in relation to each college department and year, on 11,930 applicants for entrance to Chonnam National University(first successful candidates; male:9247, female: 2683) from 1971 to 1978. The results were as follows: 1. The incidence of eyes with visual acquities below 1.0 was 45.3%, most of which were myopes. Myopic eyes were 44.0% of the total, of which 42.1% were male and 50.2% female. 2. The prevalence of myopes was highest in applicants to the College of Commerce (52.3%), next the College of Medicine (48.3%), and the least the College of Agriculture (34.1%). 3. On the whole the prevalance of myopic eyes showed a rising tendency every year; the highest in 1976, 51.9% both 50.5% in 1975 and 1978, and the lowest in 1971, 31.5%. 4. The prevalence of color deficiency was 3.9% (364 persons) in males and 0.2% (5 persons). in females. Of the male color deficients, 48.6% (177) had green blindness, 28.3% (103) red green weakness, 11.5% (42) red blindness, 11.3% (41) red green blindness, and 0.3% (1) total color blindness. 5. Of other ocular diseases, exophoria and exotropia were the most predominant.